Madison and Milwaukee are essential stops on a trip to the Midwest — Madison, in particular, stands out for having America’s largest producer-only farmers’ market. However, their surrounding natural landscapes and state parks are just as worth your time. One of Wisconsin’s most interesting and culturally valuable attractions is located between the two cities, offering visitors a blend of natural beauty and ancient history. Covering 172 acres, Aztalan State Park preserves remnants of the town of Aztalan that flourished from around 1000 to 1300 C.E., making it a remarkable archaeological site that is pivotal to the area’s historic identity.
Located less than 3 miles outside of Lake Mills on the banks of the Crawfish River, Aztalan State Park stands as one of Wisconsin’s most important historical sites. A thousand years ago, a Mississippian village, along with a ceremonial complex, stood here. The village featured pyramidal, flat-topped earthen mounds created by Native American communities that inhabited the area over the centuries. Only two mounds have remained intact to this day, both of which have been restored by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, along with sections of the town’s log-wall fortifications.
Beyond serving as a window into the past and a sacred cultural site for Wisconsin’s Indigenous peoples, the park offers ample opportunities for canoeing and fishing on the Crawfish River. The park is located near several campgrounds and wildlife areas, allowing visitors to make the most of their visit to Aztalan. So, the next time you’re making the drive between Madison and Milwaukee, don’t miss the chance to stretch your legs in a tranquil and truly unique setting while appreciating a pre-Columbian society that shaped the region’s cultural landscape.
Discovering Aztalan’s ancient earthworks
Aztalan State Park’s most striking features are its ancient earthen mounds. Aztalan was established sometime around 1050 C.E. by members of a Mississippian society who migrated from a settlement in what is now southern Illinois. This community joined the woodland peoples who already inhabited Aztalan and turned the village into a version of their original settlement. Together, they constructed flat-topped pyramidal structures that served as both dwellings and ceremonial centers.
Archaeologists have discovered that, at one point in its history, Aztalan spanned more than 35 acres and was divided by internal log walls into three sections: a plaza, a residential area, and a raised area that was likely for elite Mississippian society members. Today, visitors can explore the two mounds that remain. One of the unique features at Aztalan is its reconstructed wooden stockade, a palisade of logs and clay that outlines the perimeter. Spring and summer are the best times to visit, as the park’s winding paths are perfect for a peaceful, meandering stroll.
The archaeological findings at Aztalan are just as fascinating as its unique layout. Artifacts, including arrow points, clay pots, shell and copper jewelry, and figures of Mississippian deities, have all been unearthed here. If you’d like to do a deep dive into the region’s history, pay a visit to the museum just up the road from the site. Operated by the Lake Mills Aztalan Historical Society, the museum showcases artifacts excavated from the site and organizes the annual Aztalan Day on the third Sunday of every July — a celebration of local history featuring cultural demonstrations and presentations.
Making the most of a trip to Aztalan
